Writing

Things worth knowing.

Not marketing. Section explainers, the code mappings, and the parts of legal research that quietly go wrong — written because we hold the corpus to check them.

The 2023 codes

Every IPC section and what replaced it in the BNS

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita did not renumber the Indian Penal Code — it rewrote it. Some sections moved, some merged, some were split, and a few have no successor at all. Here is the mapping, and the traps in it.

28 August 2026 · 9 min
NI Act

The Section 139 presumption: what it covers, and how it is rebutted

Rangappa settled that the presumption extends to the existence of a legally enforceable debt. Basalingappa set out how an accused discharges it. Knowing both is the difference between a complaint that survives and one that does not.

21 August 2026 · 7 min
Research

Why your case-law search returns judgments you lost

Search "cheque issued as security is not an enforceable debt" on any Indian case-law site and you will get judgments where counsel argued exactly that — and the court rejected it. The words match. The outcome does not.

14 August 2026 · 5 min